Glamour
photography is generally a composed image of a subject in a still
position. The subjects of glamour photography are often professional
models, and the photographs are normally intended for commercial use,
including mass-produced calendars, pinups and for men's magazines, such
as Playboy; but amateur subjects are also sometimes used, and sometimes
the photographs are intended for private and personal use only.
Photographers use a combination of cosmetics, lighting and airbrushing
techniques to produce an appealing image of the subject.
In
North America, glamour photography of models does not usually involve
fully topless shots, whereas in the UK and elsewhere topless shots are
generally considered acceptable in glamour photography.
Early history
Lauren Anderson, former Playboy Playmate of the Month, in a photo shoot
Glamour models posing on the red carpet - Hollywood, California, March 9, 2008.
Early
glamour modeling was often associated with "French postcards", small
postcard sized images, that were sold by street vendors in France. In
the early 1900s the pinup became popular and depicted scantily dressed
women often in a playful pose seemingly surprised or startled by the
viewer. The subject would usually have an expression of delight which
seemed to invite the viewer to come and play. Betty Grable was one of
the most famous pinup models of all time; her pinup in a bathing suit
was extremely popular with World War II soldiers.
In
December 1953, Marilyn Monroe was featured in the first issue of
Playboy magazine. Bettie Page was the Playmate of the Month in January
1955. Playboy was the first magazine featuring nude glamour photography
targeted at the mainstream consumer.
The
British Queen of Curves in the 1950s and early sixties was Pamela
Green. Harrison Marks, on the encouragement of Green, took up glamour
photography and together in 1957 they published the pinup magazine
Kamera. Currently in England the earliest use of the word "glamour" as a
euphemism for nude modeling or photography is attributed to Marks'
publicity material in 1950s.
Glamour
models popular in the early 1990s included Hope Talmons and Dita Von
Teese and the modern era is represented in the U.S. by models like Heidi
Van Horne and Bernie Dexter, while the UK's leading representative of
the genre is Lucy Pinder.
Magazines and movie stars
Standards of glamour photography
have changed over time, reflecting changes in social acceptance. In the
early 1920s, United States photographers like Ruth Harriet Louise and
George Hurrell photographed celebrities to glamorise their stature by
utilizing lighting techniques to develop dramatic effects. During World
War II pin-up pictures of scantily clad movie stars were extremely
popular among US servicemen. However, until the 1950s, the use of
glamour photography in advertising or men’s magazines was highly
controversial or even illegal. Magazines featuring glamour photography
were sometimes marketed as "art magazines" or "health magazines".
Popular portraiture
Since the 1990s glamour
photography has increased in popularity among the public. Glamour
portrait studios opened, offering professional hair and makeup artists
and professional retouching to allow the general public to have the
"model" experience. These sometimes include "boudoir" portraits but are
more commonly used by professionals and high school seniors who want to
look "their best" for their portraits.
Magazines
Playboy was instrumental in
changing the world of glamour photography as the first magazine which
focused on nude models and was targeted at the mainstream consumer. In
December 1953, Hugh Hefner published the first edition of Playboy with
Marilyn Monroe on the cover, and nude photos of Monroe inside. Monroe's
star status and charming personality helped to diminish the public
outcry. When asked what she had on during the photoshoot, she replied
"the radio". After Playboy broke through, many other magazines followed
and this was instrumental in opening the market for the introduction of
glamour photography into modern society. Today, softcore nude
photographs of models appear in publications such as Perfect 10, or
tabloid newspapers such as Britain's The Sun's Page 3.
Recently,
several popular glamour magazines (known as lad mags) are reversing the
trend, by emphasizing glamour while showing less nudity, in favor of
implied (covered) nudity or toplessness, such as the handbra technique,
where a woman hides her nipples and areolae by covering both breasts
with her own hands, or those of another person. Examples include FHM
(For Him Magazine) and Maxim magazines, which launched in 1994 and 1995,
respectively.
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